Unilag Journal of Mathematics and Applications

ALGEBRAIC PROPERTIES OF MONOGENIC SOFT QUASIGROUPS

Mon, 29 Dec 2025 10:42:56 +0000

This paper explores the properties of soft monogenic quasigroups, a class of algebraic structures that combine soft set theory and quasigroups. We define soft monogenic quasigroups and investigate their generation criteria, structural properties, and invariance under automorphism. Our results contribute to the advancement of soft algebraic structures, with potential applications in fields like cryptography and coding theory. We establish key characteristics of soft monogenic quasigroups, including their generation by a single element and structural invariance. This work lays the foundation for further research in soft quasigroups and their applications.

AN EXPLICIT FORMULA FOR FUZZY SUBGROUPS OF THE ABELIAN GROUP Z2pn × Z2, n ≥ 1, p ≥ 3

Mon, 29 Dec 2025 10:43:43 +0000

In this paper, we characterise distinct fuzzy subgroups of the abelian group Z₂_pn ×Z₂, using an enumerative technique derived from the set of representatives of isomorphism classes of subgroups and their sizes. We formulate a linear non-homogeneous recurrence relation of degree one with constant coefficients and apply both the associated linear homogeneous and particular solutions to derive an explicit formula for the number of fuzzy subgroups.

SOME FIXED POINT RESULTS FOR REICH TYPE CONTRACTION MAPPINGS IN BIPOLAR METRIC SPACES WITH APPLICATIONS

KANAYO STELLA EKE, HUDSON AKEWE — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 10:44:26 +0000

In this study, we present the novel idea of contravariant mappings with Reich convex contraction type in bipolar metric spaces, contributing to the understanding of distances between disparate entities. Furthermore, we establish the existence of a singular fixed point for contravariant mappings of Reich convex contraction-type within complete bipolar metric spaces. Our investigation extends to obtaining solutions for integral and fractional differential equations through the application of this operator. To validate our findings, we presented examples to illustrate the implications of the results.

VISCOSITY-BASED GRADIENT TECHNIQUES FOR SPLIT FEASIBILITY PROBLEMS

LAWAN BULAMA MOHAMMED, ADEM KILICMAN — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 10:45:04 +0000

The Split Feasibility Problem (SFP) is a key optimization model with diverse applications in fields such as inverse problems, signal processing, and medical imaging. This paper presents novel viscosity algorithms for solving the SFP in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Building on existing methods, we introduce new inertial techniques to improve convergence properties. The proposed algorithms feature adaptive step size strategies, which eliminate the need for prior knowledge of operator norms, ensuring greater computational efficiency. Strong convergence results are demonstrated under mild assumptions. These results generalize many existing findings in the literature.

BLOCK BACKWARD DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA FOR CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY CONDITION IN HYDROMAGNETIC HEAT AND MASS TRANSPORT OVER A VERTICAL PLATE

ODUNAYO M. ADEKOYA, AKINSHEYE O. AKINFENWA, OLUGBENGA J. FENUGA — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 10:45:48 +0000

This paper examines the solution of boundary condition for the convective surface for a hydromagnetic heat and mass transport over a vertical plate with the use of block method. Similarity solutions were used in converting the partial differential equations regulating the boundary layer into ordinary differential equations. The resultant coupled nonlinear system of ODE was then transformed into a set of equations of the first-order, which was subsequently solved numerically using block backward differentiation formula. The effects of key parameters including magnetic field (Ha), Biot number (Bi), Grashof number (Gr,Gc), and Schmidt number (Sc) on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles were examined. The results show that velocity decreases with higher magnetic field but thermal and solutal buoyancy forces; temperature rises with Biot number while Schmidt number reduces concentration boundary thickness. Numerical results demonstrate excellent agreement with existing results, confirming the accuracy of the method. Graphically, the influence of different fluid flow velocity characteristic were highlighted and other physical quantities presented.

ADVANCING PUBLIC HEALTH WITH CAUSAL MACHINE LEARNING: ESTIMATING THE CAUSAL EFFECT OF SMOKING ON DIABETES RISK USING BRFSS 2015 DATA

DAVID AKANJI, MUMINU OSUMAH ADAMU — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 10:46:25 +0000

Distinguishing correlation from causation is critical for effective public health interventions. This study applies a rigorous causal machine learning framework to estimate the causal effect of smoking on diabetes risk using the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset (N = 253,680 U.S. adults). We constructed a directed acyclic graph (DAG), identified the average treatment effect (ATE) via the backdoor criterion, and estimated it using propensity score matching (PSM) within the DoWhy library. Smoking was associated with a statistically significant 1.6 percentage point increase in diabetes probability (ATE = 0.016, 95% CI: 0.010–0.022). Robustness was confirmed through multiple refutation tests, including subset refutation (new ATE = 0.0086, p = 0.52) and random common cause addition (new ATE = 0.0071, p = 0.20). These findings provide policy-relevant causal evidence supporting intensified anti-smoking interventions as part of diabetes prevention strategies and demonstrate the value of integrating causal inference with machine learning in observational public health research.

BI-G-STARLIKE FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH NORMALIZED ONE VARIABLE GEGENBAUER AND BELL-SHEFFER POLYNOMIALS INVOLVING GREGORY COEFFICIENTS

IBRAHIM TUNJI AWOLERE, ADENIYI MUSIBAU GBOLAGADE — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 10:47:23 +0000

In this enquiry, applying normalized one variable Gegenbauer and Bell-Sheffer Polynomials, the authors introduce a new class of bi-G-starlike functions defined by Gregory and Caratheodory coefficients. Coefficient bounds for the new class were obtained and were consequently used to investigate the concept of Fekete-Szego functional and Toeplitz determinant in this direction.

LYAPUNOV FUNCTIONS AND ASYMPTOTIC EVENTUAL STABILITY FOR IMPULSIVE SYSTEMS WITH NONLINEAR TERMS

Mon, 29 Dec 2025 10:48:06 +0000

This paper investigates the asymptotic eventual stability of a class of nonlinear impulsive differential equations with impulses occurring at fixed moments. The analysis is conducted within a Lyapunov framework by extending the classical concept of vector Lyapunov functions to a generalized class of piecewise continuous Lyapunov functions suitable for impulsive systems. This approach effectively captures both the continuous system evolution and the discrete effects introduced by impulses. By employing appropriate comparison principles, the behavior of the impulsive system is related to that of corresponding comparison systems, enabling the derivation of tractable stability criteria. Based on this methodology, sufficient conditions guaranteeing asymptotic eventual stability are established in terms of inequalities involving the proposed Lyapunov functions and system parameters. The results obtained extend and improve several existing stability criteria in the literature. In particular, the proposed conditions are less restrictive and applicable to a wider class of nonlinear impulsive differential systems, thereby enhancing the scope and effectiveness of Lyapunov-based methods for the qualitative analysis of impulsive dynamics.